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Leveraging advantages such as high bandwidth, low latency, and plug‑and‑play operation, the 400G AOC is primarily used for short‑range, high‑speed interconnections within data centers. Typical use cases include connecting GPU clusters to support high‑performance computing and AI training, as well as providing cost‑effective and reliable links within a rack or between adjacent racks. On a larger scale, 400G AOCs are also deployed in metro/regional networks and data center interconnects (DCI) to enable efficient data transmission over longer distances.
AI Training Clusters and High‑Performance Computing (HPC)
In AI large‑model training and inference scenarios, demanding requirements are placed on data transfer rates, low latency, and stability. The 400G AOC provides low‑latency, high‑bandwidth communication between GPU nodes, supporting mainstream AI computing platforms such as the NVIDIA DGX SuperPOD.
Data Center Intra‑Rack and Inter‑Rack Connectivity
In Spine‑Leaf architectures, servers connect to Top‑of‑Rack (ToR) switches, and multiple ToR switches uplink to Leaf switches. The 400G AOC supports connections from ToR switches to core switches over distances of up to 100 meters, perfectly matching the short‑range interconnection requirements within and between adjacent racks in data centers.
Hyperscale Cloud Data Centers
The number of hyperscale data centers worldwide is expected to reach 1,200 by 2025, driving a 35% annual increase in AOC demand. Sales of 400G and 800G AOCs remain consistently strong, serving as a key enabler for cloud service providers upgrading their data center infrastructure.
High‑Frequency Trading (HFT) Systems
Financial trading scenarios are extremely sensitive to latency. The 400G AOC provides deterministic low‑latency transmission in high‑frequency trading systems. The 200G EDR version is commonly used in latency‑sensitive configurations, ensuring that trading instructions are transmitted within nanosecond‑level time frames.
Liquid‑Cooled Data Centers
To meet the demands of immersion liquid‑cooled data centers, several manufacturers have introduced 400G liquid‑cooled AOC products. These adopt hot‑pluggable QSFP‑DD, QSFP112, or OSFP‑RHS packaging, use OM4 multimode fiber for transmission distances up to 100 meters, and operate over a temperature range of 0°C to 70°C. They are perfectly suited for high‑density optical interconnection requirements in liquid‑cooled environments.
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