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The optical access network has maintained a rapid development trajectory. To date, it has undergone three critical "optical upgrades" and has officially entered the fourth iteration phase.
The First Optical Upgrade: "Fiber Advancement, Copper Retreat." This phase replaced traditional copper lines with fiber optics, completely revolutionizing the access medium. It provided end-users with hundred-megabit-class fiber broadband services, laying the foundation for the all-optical network.
The Second Optical Upgrade: The transition from GPON to 10G-PON enabled "committed gigabit broadband," truly achieving the service capability of "gigabit-to-the-home."
The Third Optical Upgrade: FTTR whole-home optical networking. Centered on Fiber-to-the-Room (FTTR) technology, this upgrade pioneered a new business model for operators, shifting from "single broadband services" to "integrated broadband + networking services." It helps operators increase Average Revenue Per User (ARPU), achieving revenue growth and efficiency gains.
The Fourth Optical Upgrade: 50G-PON ten-gigabit access. With 50G-PON technology at its core, this phase provides users with differentiated ten-gigabit fiber broadband experiences.
The Urgency of Network and AI Integration
As the optical access network expands in scale and iterates technologically, its complexity grows exponentially, posing severe operation and maintenance (O&M) challenges for operators. Traditional O&M models, centered on "rule engines + fragmented AI capabilities," suffer from low automation, poor fault response timeliness, dispersed and independent tools, and severe data silos. These models can no longer meet the evolution requirements of high-level autonomous networks.
Against this backdrop, the deep integration of AI technology and networks has become an inevitable trend. Across the entire lifecycle—including network planning, construction, maintenance, optimization, and service assurance—AI can provide core technical support for the implementation of autonomous networks by enhancing network energy efficiency and optimizing user experience. Simultaneously, as AI permeates network O&M and business operations, the underlying network infrastructure supporting data transmission and computing power scheduling must also be upgraded. AI applications require high-bandwidth, low-latency, and highly reliable connections to access cloud, edge, and local distributed computing resources. The comprehensive promotion of 50G-PON serves as a solid foundation for the inclusive development and deep application of AI.
